SX
316 / 316L Technical Data
Summary
SX
316 is an improved version of SX 304, with the
addition of molybdenum and a slightly higher nickel content.
The resultant composition of SX 316 gives the steel much
increased corrosion resistance in many aggressive environments.
The molybdenum makes the steel more resistant to pitting
and crevice corrosion in chloride-contaminated media,
sea water and acetic acid vapours. The lower
rate of general corrosion in mildly corrosive environments
gives the steel good atmospheric corrosion resistance
in polluted marine atmospheres.
SX 316 offers higher strength
and better creep resistance at higher temperatures than
SX 304. SX 316 also possesses excellent mechanical
and corrosion properties at sub-zero temperatures.
When there is a danger of corrosion in the heat-affected
zones of weldments, the low-carbon variety SX 316L should
be used. SX 316 Ti, the titanium-stabilised version,
is used for its resistance to sensitization during prolonged
exposure in the 550oC-800oC temperature
range.
Typical
Applications
Because
of its superior corrosion and oxidation resistance, good
mechanical properties and fabricability, SX 316 has applications
in many sectors of industry. Some of these include:
Tanks and storage vessels
for corrosive liquids.
Specialised process equipment
in the chemical, food, paper, mining, pharmaceutical and
petroleum industries.
Architectural applications
in highly corrosive environments.
Chemical
Composition (ASTM A 240)
| |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
Ti |
SX316
SX316L
SX316Ti |
0.08 max
0.03 max
0.08 max |
2.0
max |
0.045
max |
0.030
max |
1.0
max |
16.0
to
18.0 |
10.0
to
14.0 |
2.00
to
3.00 |
-
0.5 max
5X%C |
Typical
properties in the annealed condition
The properties quoted in
this publication are typical of mill products and unless
indicated must not be regarded as guaranteed minimum values
for specification purposes.
1.
Mechanical properties at room temperature
| |
SX316 |
SX316L |
SX316Ti |
| |
Typical |
Minimum |
Typical |
Minimum |
Typical |
Minimum |
| Tensile
Strength, MPa |
580 |
515 |
570 |
485 |
600 |
515 |
| Proof Stress
(0.2 % offset), MPa |
310 |
205 |
300 |
170 |
320 |
205 |
| Elongation
(Percent in L = 5.65 So) |
55 |
40 |
60 |
40 |
50 |
40 |
| Hardness
(Brinell) |
165 |
- |
165 |
- |
165 |
- |
| Erichsen
Cup Test Value mm |
8 - 10 |
- |
10 - 11 |
- |
- |
- |
| Endurance
(fatigue) limit, MPa |
260 |
- |
260 |
- |
260 |
- |
2.
Properties at elevated temperatures
The values given refer to
SX 316 and SX 316 Ti only as strength values for SX 316L
fall rapidly above 425oC.
Short
Time Elevated Temperature Tensile Strength
| Temperature,
C |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
1000 |
| Strength,
MPa |
460 |
320 |
190 |
120 |
70 |
Creep
data
Stress for a creep rate of
1% in 10 000 h
| Temperature,
oC |
550 |
600 |
650 |
700 |
800 |
| Stress,
MPa |
160 |
120 |
90 |
60 |
20 |
Recommended
Maximum Service Temperature
(Oxidising conditions)
Continuous
Service
925oC
Intermittent Service
870oC
3.
Properties at Sub-Zero Temperatures
( SX 316 )
| Temperature |
oC |
-78 |
-161 |
-196 |
| Proof Strength
(0.2% Offset) |
MPa |
400 |
460 |
580 |
| Tensile
Strength |
MPa |
820 |
1150 |
1300 |
| Impact
Strength (Charpy V-Notch) |
J |
180 |
165 |
155 |
4.
Corrosion Resistance
4.1
Aqueous
For specific conditions, consult VRN technical staff.
As a rough guide, the following examples are given
for pure acid-water mixtures.
| TemperatureoC |
20 |
80 |
| Concentration,
(-% by mass) |
10
20 40
60 80
100 |
10
20 40
60 80
100 |
| Sulphuric
Acid |
0
1
2
2
1
0 |
2
2
2 2
2
2 |
| Nitric
Acid |
0
0
0
0
0
1 |
0
0
0 0
1
2 |
| Phosphoric
Acid |
0
0
0
0
1
2 |
0
0
0 0
1
2 |
| Formic
Acid |
0
0
0
1
1
0 |
0
0
1 1
1
0 |
Key:
0 = resistant - corrosion
rate less than 100 mm/year
1 = partly resistant -
corrosion rate 100 m to 1000 mm/year
2
= non resistant - corrosion rate more
than 1000 mm/year
4.2
Atmospheric
The performance of SX 316 compared with other metals in
various environments is shown in the
following table. Corrosion rate is based on a 5
year exposure.
| Environment |
Corrosion
Rate (mm/year) |
| SX
316 |
Aluminium-3S |
Mild
Steel |
| Rural |
0.0025 |
0.025 |
5.8 |
| Marine |
0.0076 |
0.432 |
34.0 |
| Marine-Industrial |
0.0051 |
0.686 |
46.2 |
Note:
For corrosion resistance of SX 316 relative to other types,
see the section in Comparative Data.
4.3
Thermal Processing
4.3.1
Annealing. Heat from 1 010oC to 1 120oC
and cool rapidly in air or water. The best corrosion
resistance is obtained when the final annealing temperature
is above 1 070oC.
4.3.2
Stress relieving. Heat from 200 - 400oC
and air cool.
4.3.3
Hot working
Initial forging and pressing:
1150 - 1200oC
Finishing temperature:
above 900oC
For upsetting operations, forgings
should be finished between:
930 and 980oC
All hot working operations should be followed by annealing.
Note:
Soaking times to ensure uniformity of temperature are
up to 12 times that required for the same thickness of mild
steel.
Cold
Working
SX
316 / 316L, being extremely tough and ductile, can be
readily fabricated by cold working. Typical operations
include bending, forming, deep drawing and upsetting.
